Exciter body

The exciter of the violin is the bow. The excitation method is to use a ponytail as the bow hair, tied at both ends of the bow. Coat the bow hair with rosin to make it sticky, play it on the string, and drive the string to vibrate. The principle of friction is that by magnifying the bow hair, countless small hooks can be formed on the surface with a scale like structure. Coat the bow hair with rosin to make these small hooks more sticky, so they can "hook" the strings.

When the performer pulls the bow, the bowhair will stick and pull the strings in one direction. Due to the elasticity of the strings themselves, there is a certain resistance to the friction of the bow hair. When the elastic energy of the strings accumulates to a level greater than the frictional force of the bow hair, the strings will quickly slide back in the opposite direction. However, at this time, the bow is still moving, and the strings will be adhered and pulled back again. Repeatedly, the strings undergo periodic alternating movements of "adhesion" and "sliding", resulting in vibration. Due to the longer time the bowhair holds onto the strings and the shorter time it takes for the strings to bounce back, the resulting vibration pattern is serrated.

Vibrating body

The vibrating body of a violin is the strings. String can be divided into three categories: sheep intestine string, steel wire string, and nylon string. The sounds of various strings have their own characteristics. The earliest violins used bare strings of lamb intestines, which later evolved into twisted strings with a metal outer layer to improve their sound quality. The characteristic of this string is that the sound is soft and closer to human voice, but the response is slow and greatly affected by temperature and humidity. In the 19th century, with the development of the metallurgical industry, steel wire strings were favored by people due to their advantages such as durability, good stability, and fast response. But its disadvantages are poor elasticity, harsh sound, and lack of layering. So later on, people began to develop artificial fibers as string cores to manufacture strings, which are collectively known as nylon strings. It is relatively soft and elastic, with a sound similar to lamb gut strings and more stable performance than lamb gut strings. Therefore, among professionals today, there are many users of nylon strings. But these three types of strings have their own applications in the requirements of different music styles, and coupled with people's different preferences, they all have their own value in existence.

Resonant body

The resonant body of a violin is the body. A violin should have a good resonance box, first of all, the body of the violin should have carefully selected materials and carefully designed shapes. For example, the curvature and thickness distribution of panels and backboards, the shape, thickness, and height of side panels, as well as their sound transmission speed, damping coefficient, elastic modulus, and so on. All of these have a significant impact on the final timbre of the piano.